ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННОЙ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЭНЕРГОЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬЮ В ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ РЕГИОНАХ

Интеграция электрических сетей с технологиями малой распределенной генерации, основанной на потреблении природного газа, является одним из ключевых инновационных направлений повышения надежности и энергоэффективности энергосистем. Синхронная работа крупных потребителей энергии и систем распределенной генерации образует новый элемент электроэнергетической системы. Этот элемент представляет собой промышленную микросеть, которая по сравнению с обычными промышленными потребителями электроэнергии обладает уникальной способностью управлять режимами работы электроэнергетической системы. Целью настоящего исследования является разработка теории и методологии использования микросетей в промышленных зонах в рыночных условиях приобретения электроэнергии и природного газа. Анализ тенденций в области использования малой распределенной генерации показывает, что использование распределенной энергетики, основанной на возобновляемых источниках энергии, экономически целесообразно не во всех странах. Например, в России наиболее актуально использование распределенных источников энергии, работающих на природном газе. Изучение принципов ценообразования при закупке электроэнергии на оптовом и розничном рынках электроэнергии, а также при закупке природного газа у региональных поставщиков и на товарных биржах показывает, что управление волатильностью графиков спроса на энергию может существенно повлиять на цены на электроэнергию и природный газ, используемые промышленными предприятиями и крупными потребителями энергоресурсов. Промышленные предприятия и системы малой распределенной генерации, действующие в составе единого энергетического комплекса, осуществляют одновременное потребление электроэнергии из Единой энергетической системы, выработку электроэнергии системой распределенной генерации во внутреннюю сеть предприятия и внешнюю сеть энергосистемы, а также одновременное потребление природного газа системой газопотребления промышленным предприятием и системой распределенной генерации. Синхронизация работы промышленного предприятия и системы малой распределенной генерации в рамках единой системы управления активным энергетическим комплексом позволяет снизить комплексные затраты на закупку энергоресурсов предприятия, повысить эффективность и надежность энергоснабжения оборудования. В статье представлена система факторов, влияющих на спрос на потребление электроэнергии и природного газа активных энергетических комплексов, и разработана модель комплексного управления активными энергетическими комплексами в условиях их интеграции с технологией управления спросом на потребление электроэнергии и природного газа промышленным предприятием. Разработанный алгоритм управления активным энергетическим комплексом позволяет учесть взаимное влияние изменения спроса на электроэнергию и природный газ в составе активного энергетического комплекса, ценовые факторы рынка электроэнергии и природного газа, внутренние требования ограничения регулирования нагрузки промышленных предприятий, внешние системные ограничения Единой энергетической системы и Единой системы газоснабжения, возможность удовлетворения спроса на потребление электроэнергии внешних потребителй активного энергетического комплекса. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в процессе разработки, внедрения и управления активных энергетических комплексов на промышленных предприятиях России и стран мира.

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